Generally, this term refers to rifles utilizing a manually operated bolt to load and unload cartridges, distinguished by their significant size and caliber. Examples include anti-materiel rifles and large-bore hunting rifles designed for dangerous game. The parameters for “largest” can vary, encompassing overall length, weight, caliber, or a combination thereof.
Such firearms often fill specialized roles where extreme long-range accuracy or substantial stopping power are paramount. Historically, similar designs served in anti-tank and anti-aircraft roles before the widespread adoption of more effective technologies. Today, they continue to see use in long-range target shooting, hunting the largest game animals, and limited military applications.