The Mossberg 500 and 590 are both popular pump-action shotguns known for their affordability, reliability, and versatility. However, key distinctions exist between these two models. These differences primarily revolve around magazine design, furniture material, and certain construction details. The 500 typically features a tubular magazine accessed through the bottom of the receiver and loaded through a port in the bottom of the action. Its magazine tube is generally closed at the end, requiring a takedown of the magazine spring to remove the plug. The 590 frequently employs a magazine tube open at the muzzle, allowing easier cleaning and unloading. This magazine tube is generally closed at the end. Furthermore, the 590 often comes standard with features like heavy-walled barrels, metal trigger guards and safeties, and parkerized finishes, lending it a more robust, military-inspired feel.
Understanding the distinctions between these two models is crucial for informed purchasing decisions. The subtle but significant variations influence handling, maintenance, and intended applications. While the 500’s design lends itself well to hunting and general sport shooting, the 590’s durable construction and enhanced features make it a suitable choice for military, law enforcement, and home defense scenarios. The evolution of these designs reflects changing needs and preferences in the firearms market.
The following sections delve deeper into specific areas of comparison, including detailed analyses of magazine capacities and configurations, furniture variations and their impact on ergonomics, and the specific advantages and disadvantages of each model’s construction choices.
1. Magazine Differences
Magazine design represents a significant distinction between the Mossberg 500 and 590. The 500 typically features a closed magazine tube, meaning the end is capped. This necessitates partial disassembly to remove the spring and follower for cleaning or unloading. While this design can offer a slightly more streamlined profile, it adds complexity to maintenance. Conversely, the 590 often incorporates an open-ended magazine tube, allowing the spring and follower to be removed easily from the muzzle end without tools or disassembly. This simplifies cleaning and unloading significantly, a crucial advantage in high-stress situations or environments where rapid maintenance is essential. For example, military or law enforcement personnel might favor this feature for its ease of use in the field. This seemingly small difference has considerable practical implications for users.
Furthermore, variations exist within each model line regarding magazine capacity and configuration. While both can be adapted for different shell lengths, the 590A1 variant is often favored by military and law enforcement agencies for its standard nine-shot (2 “) capacity, facilitated by the open-ended magazine tube and a bayonet lug, features not typically found on the 500. Some 500 models have limited magazine capacity due to hunting regulations or design choices focused on specific sporting applications. This difference in capacity and configuration directly impacts operational capabilities and intended use cases. A hunter might prioritize a smaller, more manageable magazine, while a security professional might require a higher capacity for increased firepower.
In summary, magazine differences between the Mossberg 500 and 590 influence not only capacity and ease of maintenance but also user experience and suitability for various applications. The closed tube of the 500 suits certain hunting and sporting contexts, whereas the open-ended tube of the 590 offers advantages in tactical or defensive situations. Understanding these differences enables informed selection based on individual needs and intended usage scenarios.
2. Construction Variations
Construction variations contribute significantly to the distinctions between the Mossberg 500 and 590, impacting durability, intended use, and overall performance. The 500 generally features a lighter construction with more polymer components. For instance, the trigger guard and safety button are often made of plastic. This design contributes to a lighter, more affordable shotgun, often preferred for recreational shooting or hunting where extreme ruggedness may not be paramount. In contrast, the 590, particularly the 590A1 variant, emphasizes robust construction with heavy-duty components. Metal trigger guards and safeties are standard, along with a parkerized finish for enhanced corrosion resistance. These features are especially relevant in harsh environments or for applications requiring increased durability, such as military or law enforcement use. The choice of materials directly influences the shotgun’s resilience and ability to withstand demanding conditions.
Another key construction difference lies in the barrel. The 590 often features a heavy-walled barrel, designed for sustained firing and enhanced accuracy. This thicker barrel dissipates heat more effectively and resists flexing, which can improve performance during prolonged use. Conversely, the 500 often utilizes a standard weight barrel, balancing maneuverability and cost-effectiveness. This difference in barrel construction illustrates the varying priorities of each model: the 590 prioritizes durability and performance under stress, while the 500 balances performance with affordability and lighter weight for general use. A practical implication of this is the 590’s suitability for breaching doors in tactical situations, a task requiring a robust, heavy-walled barrel. The 500’s lighter barrel makes it easier to carry and wield for extended periods in hunting scenarios.
Understanding these construction variations is crucial for selecting the appropriate shotgun for specific needs. While the polymer components of the 500 offer advantages in cost and weight for recreational applications, the 590’s robust, all-metal construction and heavy-walled barrel are better suited for demanding tactical or defensive situations. The choice ultimately depends on balancing cost, weight, durability requirements, and intended application. Recognizing the impact of construction differences empowers informed decisions aligned with individual needs and usage scenarios.
3. Barrel Considerations
Barrel characteristics represent a crucial point of divergence between the Mossberg 500 and 590, impacting handling, performance, and intended application. Understanding these differences is essential for selecting the appropriate model for specific needs.
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Barrel Length
Barrel length significantly affects maneuverability and ballistic performance. Shorter barrels, common on some 500 models configured for home defense or close-quarters use, offer increased maneuverability in tight spaces. Longer barrels, frequently found on 500 hunting variants, can provide improved velocity and accuracy for longer-range shots. The 590 often features barrel lengths suited for tactical applications, balancing maneuverability and effective range.
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Barrel Wall Thickness
Barrel wall thickness directly influences durability, heat dissipation, and accuracy. The 590 typically boasts a heavier-walled barrel than the 500. This heavier construction enhances durability, allowing for sustained firing and reducing barrel flex, which can improve accuracy during prolonged use. The 500s lighter barrel contributes to reduced overall weight, potentially benefiting hunters who carry their firearms for extended periods.
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Choke Options
Choke options, affecting shot spread, differ between the 500 and 590. The 500 often features interchangeable chokes, allowing users to tailor shot patterns for specific hunting or sporting applications, from tight patterns for waterfowl to wider spreads for close-range targets like upland birds. While some 590 models offer choke options, they are less common, reflecting the 590’s primary focus on tactical and defensive applications where shot spread is less of a primary concern.
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Sights
Sight configurations vary depending on the intended use of each model. 500 models designed for hunting might include rifle sights or bead sights for precision aiming at game. 590 models often feature ghost ring sights or simple bead sights, favoring rapid target acquisition in defensive scenarios. These sight variations reflect the distinct purposes of each model, highlighting the 500s versatility in hunting and sporting applications versus the 590s focus on tactical use.
These barrel considerations significantly contribute to the functional differences between the Mossberg 500 and 590. By analyzing barrel length, wall thickness, choke options, and sight configurations, one can discern the intended applications of each model. The 500’s barrel features frequently cater to versatility in hunting and sport shooting, while the 590’s prioritize durability and practical functionality in tactical and defensive roles. Recognizing these distinctions is essential for making informed decisions based on individual needs and intended firearm usage.
4. Intended Applications
Intended applications represent a pivotal factor in understanding the differences between the Mossberg 500 and 590. Design choices regarding construction, magazine configuration, and barrel features directly correlate with the specific tasks each model is optimized to perform. The 500, with its often lighter weight, customizable choke options, and variety of available barrel lengths and furniture configurations, is frequently chosen for hunting, recreational shooting, and general sporting purposes. A hunter might select a 500 with a longer barrel and a camouflage finish for pursuing game, while a clay target enthusiast might opt for a shorter barrel and adjustable stock for improved maneuverability. The adaptability of the 500 makes it a versatile platform suited to diverse recreational activities.
Conversely, the 590, particularly the 590A1 variant, caters primarily to tactical and defensive applications. Its robust construction, heavy-walled barrel, higher magazine capacity, and emphasis on durability make it a preferred choice for military, law enforcement, and home defense. A soldier might utilize a 590A1 with a bayonet lug and extended magazine for close-quarters combat, while a homeowner might choose a shorter-barreled version with a pistol grip for home protection. The 590s design prioritizes reliability and effectiveness in demanding situations where consistent performance under stress is paramount. Features like metal trigger guards and safeties reflect this focus on durability and readiness for challenging conditions.
In summary, recognizing the intended applications of each model is crucial for understanding their design distinctions. The 500’s versatility caters to a broad range of sporting and recreational activities, while the 590’s robust construction and features prioritize tactical and defensive scenarios. This distinction clarifies the design philosophy behind each model and guides informed purchasing decisions based on individual needs and intended usage. Choosing the appropriate shotgun depends on carefully considering the specific tasks it will perform, prioritizing features that align with the user’s requirements, whether for hunting, sport shooting, or defensive purposes.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common inquiries regarding the differences between the Mossberg 500 and 590 shotgun platforms, aiming to provide clear and concise information for informed decision-making.
Question 1: What are the primary differences in magazine design between the 500 and 590?
The 500 typically employs a closed magazine tube requiring disassembly for cleaning, while the 590 often features an open-ended tube for easier maintenance. This impacts unloading procedures and cleaning efficiency.
Question 2: How do construction materials and durability compare between the two models?
The 590 generally utilizes more robust construction with metal components like the trigger guard and safety, often parkerized for enhanced corrosion resistance. The 500 may incorporate more polymer components, contributing to a lighter weight but potentially reduced durability in harsh environments.
Question 3: Which model is better suited for home defense, and why?
Both models can be effective for home defense. However, the 590, with its robust construction and often higher magazine capacity, might be preferred by some for its durability and increased firepower. The choice often depends on individual preferences and specific needs.
Question 4: Are barrels interchangeable between the 500 and 590 platforms?
While some barrel interchangeability exists within specific configurations, it is not universally guaranteed. Variations in barrel construction, magazine tube design, and other factors can limit interchangeability. Consulting manufacturer specifications or a qualified gunsmith is recommended before attempting barrel swaps.
Question 5: Which model offers greater versatility for different shooting disciplines?
The 500, due to its wider array of available barrel lengths, choke options, and furniture configurations, generally offers greater adaptability for various shooting disciplines, including hunting, sport shooting, and recreational use. The 590’s design typically prioritizes tactical and defensive applications.
Question 6: What are the key cost considerations when choosing between the 500 and 590?
The 500 often comes at a lower price point due to its generally simpler construction and more extensive use of polymer components. The 590, with its more robust build and often higher capacity, may come at a premium. Specific features and configurations within each model line will also influence the final cost.
Careful consideration of these frequently asked questions will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the differences between the Mossberg 500 and 590. Selecting the appropriate model depends on aligning individual needs and intended applications with each platform’s specific features and design philosophy.
For further information on specific configurations, features, and accessories available for each model, consult the manufacturer’s website or a qualified firearms dealer.
Tips for Discerning Between the Mossberg 500 and 590
Selecting between the Mossberg 500 and 590 requires careful consideration of individual needs and intended use. The following tips offer guidance for navigating the key distinctions between these two popular shotgun platforms.
Tip 1: Evaluate Magazine Needs: Careful consideration of magazine requirements is paramount. Those requiring rapid reloading or higher capacity should prioritize the 590’s often open-ended magazine tube and potential for larger capacities. The 500’s closed tube might suffice for applications where reloading speed is less critical.
Tip 2: Assess Durability Requirements: Operating environments significantly influence model selection. Harsh conditions or tactical applications necessitate the 590’s robust, all-metal construction. Less demanding environments might permit the 500’s lighter, potentially more cost-effective build.
Tip 3: Consider Barrel Specifications: Barrel length, weight, and choke options should align with intended use. Home defense scenarios might favor shorter barrels for maneuverability. Hunting applications might benefit from longer barrels and interchangeable chokes. The 590 often features a heavy-walled barrel for enhanced durability and accuracy during sustained firing.
Tip 4: Prioritize Intended Use: Purpose dictates model selection. Hunting, sport shooting, and recreational use often favor the 500’s versatility. Tactical applications, military, or law enforcement roles generally align with the 590’s robust design and features. Clarifying primary usage streamlines decision-making.
Tip 5: Budget Accordingly: Recognize cost implications. The 500 often presents a more budget-friendly option, while the 590, with its enhanced features, may command a higher price. Balancing desired features with budgetary constraints is essential.
Tip 6: Handle Both Models: Whenever possible, physically handling both shotguns provides valuable insights. Ergonomics, weight distribution, and overall feel contribute significantly to comfortable and effective operation. Hands-on experience facilitates informed selection.
Tip 7: Research Specific Configurations: Both the 500 and 590 offer various configurations. Thoroughly researching available options ensures selection of the specific features and specifications required for individual needs, whether specialized stocks, sights, or other accessories.
By carefully considering these tips and aligning them with individual requirements and intended applications, informed decisions regarding the appropriate Mossberg shotgun model can be made. These insights empower effective selection based on a balanced assessment of features, cost, and overall suitability for specific purposes.
The following conclusion synthesizes these key points and offers final recommendations for choosing between these two versatile shotgun platforms.
Concluding Remarks
Discerning the distinctions between the Mossberg 500 and 590 involves evaluating a confluence of factors. Magazine design, construction materials, barrel specifications, and intended applications each contribute significantly to the differentiation. The 500 frequently presents a versatile platform suitable for hunting, sport shooting, and general recreational use, often featuring a lighter construction and greater adaptability through various configurations. Conversely, the 590, especially the 590A1 variant, prioritizes durability and robust performance, often chosen for tactical applications, military use, and home defense scenarios due to its heavy-duty construction and features. Understanding these core differences enables informed decisions aligned with specific needs and intended firearm usage.
Careful consideration of individual requirements, budget constraints, and the nuances of each platform’s design philosophy remains crucial for effective selection. Direct handling of both models, when feasible, provides invaluable insights into ergonomics and overall feel. Thorough research and consultation with knowledgeable resources further enhance the decision-making process, ensuring the chosen shotgun aligns precisely with the user’s specific demands and anticipated applications. Ultimately, the choice between the Mossberg 500 and 590 hinges on a comprehensive understanding of their respective strengths and suitability for the tasks at hand.